Jackson County (Mo.) Historical Society

Historical Perspective

by David W. Jackson

Park system took vision, persistence

 

Residents of metropolitan Kansas City today delight in pretty parks and beautiful boulevards. Knowing the winding road our predecessors took to secure these resources might guarantee you value them even more.

          The seeds of Kansas City’s parks and boulevards system originated in 1872, when J. W. Cook’s offer to sell Kansas City 40-acres for a park—at a steep $2,000 per acre—was rejected. Cook stewed until 1877 when city newspapers printed the first editorials calling for parks.

          Although the City Council passed on Cook’s renewed offer, they did resolve in 1880 to grade and make the City’s first park. Shelley Park was dedicated atop the old, “vacated” City Cemetery, located in the original Town of Kansas between 6th Street to Independence Avenue and Oak to Locust. Shelley Park (and the City Cemetery) lies beneath the current downtown highway system.

          William Rockhill Nelson, founder of the Kansas City Star in1880, began advocating for more and larger parks, as well as boulevards. Nelson “planted” letters to the editor, reproduced articles from magazines and newspapers about other city’s parks, had reporters interview visitors, and gave ink for local figures to articulate in favor of the idea.

          Keep in mind, most of Kansas City was slowly maturing from its “Wild West” beginnings: streets were largely unimproved; city finances in shambles; and, because public improvement bond issues had not passed, there wasn’t even a water system. Any public improvement beyond streets and basic needs faced formidable challenges.

          After several attempts at charter reform, Mayor Ben Holmes in 1892 appointed a new Parks Board with the power to issue city bonds. Wealthy Kansas City newcomer, August Meyer, became the board’s first president. Meyer and George E. Kessler, renowned landscape architect,

collaborated to create the board’s greatest and lasting achievement the following year, their 1893 Report, which was summarized and editorialized in the press.

          Opponents believed that a park system was expensive and superfluous. As a result, financial, legal, and public obstacles needed resolution for the system to flourish, and Kansas City attorney Delbert J. Haff, is credited with providing legal counsel throughout this process.

          The struggle over the parks became complex, but The Star’s humor, agitation, resolutions, and less obvious forms of persuasion on behalf of the plan, rekindled the public’s interest in supporting the parks board and for completing the parks and boulevard system. West Terrace Park, Penn Valley Park, and North Terrace Park were won only after contentious debate over eminent domain and condemnation issues.

          By 1920, not only had the original 1893 Plan been completed in essence; but, the system had expanded to 1992.25 acres of parks, 676 acres of parkways, and 89.4 miles of improved boulevards and park drives.

Expansion and improvement of the system inspired cities locally and across the country. Today, Independence enjoys nearly 50 parks not to mention activity centers and recreational facilities that the Independence Parks and Recreation Department offer.

          Next time you’re enjoying green spaces, recreational facilities, and scenic drives, think of those whose foresight, tenacity, and creativity were behind your experience. And, thank your local Parks Department personnel for continuing an admirable legacy.

 

LINKS:

http://www.ci.independence.mo.us/parksandrec/

http://www.kcmo.org/parks.nsf/web/home?opendocument

 

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